DIY ethic refers to the ethic of selfsufficiency through completing tasks without the aid of a paid expert. Literally meaning do it yourself, the DIY ethic. DIY ethic Wikipedia. Boy building a model airplane. DIY ethic refers to the ethic of self sufficiency through completing tasks without the aid of a paid expert. Literally meaning do it yourself, the DIY ethic promotes the idea that anyone is capable of performing a variety of tasks rather than relying on paid specialists. The DIY ethic requires that the adherent seeks out the knowledge required to complete a given task. The term can refer to a variety of disciplines, including home improvement, first aid or creative works. Rather than belittling or showing disdain for those who engage in manual labor or skilled crafts, DIY champions the average individual seeking such knowledge and expertise. Central to the ethic is the empowerment of individuals and communities, encouraging the employment of alternative approaches when faced with bureaucratic or societal obstacles to achieving their objectives. Punk cultureeditIn the punk subculture, the DIY ethic is tied to punk ideology and anticonsumerism. Diy Home Design Software helping you find best home design software to build 3D design plans and remodeling layouts. Make your next home improvement a do it yourself. Design a new backyard with one the top 2016 landscape design software free download. Reviews of the best. Need to design a garden, deck or some other outdoor feature Check out these 5 free and 7 paid landscape design software options. It espouses the rejection of consumer culture, using existing systems or existing processes that would foster dependence on established societal structures. According to the punk aesthetic, one can express oneself and produce moving and serious works with limited means. 1 Arguably the earliest example of this attitude was the punk music scene of the 1. Emerging punk bands such as Death, who recorded their earliest demos in a bedroom without any professional equipment, began to record their music, produce albums, merchandise, distribute and promote their works independently, outside the established music industry system. So extreme was their desire for independence that they often performed at basement shows in residential homes rather than at traditional venues in order to avoid corporate sponsorship and ensure their creative freedom. Since many venues tend to shy away from more experimental music, houses and other private venues were often the only places these bands could play. Riot Grrrl, associated with third wave feminism, also adopted the core values of the DIY punk ethic by leveraging creative ways of communication through zines and other projects. 3Adherents of the DIY punk ethic can also work collectively. For example, punk impresario David Fergusons CD Presents was a DIY concert production, recording studio, and record label network. 4The German punk band Mono fr Alle DIY album. Their album included a tinkered wooden cover and sold over 6. The DIY punk ethic also applies to simple everyday living, such as Learning bicycle repair rather than taking a bike to a mechanics shop. See also Bicycle cooperative. Sewing, repairing, or modifying clothing rather than buying new clothes. Vegetable gardening. Reclaiming recyclable products by dumpster diving. Some educators also engage in DIY teaching techniques, sometimes referred to as Edupunk. DIY music has its origins in the mid 1. It developed as a way to circumnavigate the mainstream music industry. In 2. 01. 4, speaking about the 8. Steve Albini told of the difficulties of getting record and played on the radio, saying So these independent bands had to be resourceful. Theyd built their own infrastructure of independent clubs, promoters, fanzines and DJs. He sees internet culture as a continuation of this scene, They had their own channels of promotion, including the beginnings of the internet culture that is so prevalent today that being bulletin boards, and newsgroups. 7DIY music bands do everything themselves or with independent collaborators, from album production to marketing and communication. This choice primarily reflects a need to emphasize its independence in relation to big record labels and the music industry in general. citation neededAdvances in technology and lowering costs have progressively made it easier for bands to be independent. The mass market electronics industry has brought music recording and production to the consumer. citation neededBy controlling the entire production and distribution chain, DIY music bands can develop a closer relationship between artists and fans. The DIY ethic gives total control over the final product without need to compromise with record labels. 7This opposition between DIY and the music industry generates raging debates between both camps the majors assuring that record labels still have a crucial role to play in the production of recorded music, whereas famous artists defend the autoproduction model Radiohead and Nine Inch Nails for example. Numerous terms are employed to qualify DIY music bands autoproduction, indie bands, direct to fan. and this DIY vs Industry opposition can be found in the terms of independent music, or the term music craftsmanship. citation neededSkateboarding and cyclingeditIn the skateboarding culture, DIY skateparks are parks or skate spots made by skaters themselves. That involves woodworking, concrete work and a vast variety of craftsmanship to build the most original and creative spaces to skate. The most world renowned, and probably first, DIY skatepark ever built was Burnside Skatepark, located in Portland, OR. Built without permission by skateboarders and later sanctioned by the city, Burnside is the preeminent example of action. The Park appears in the movie Free Willy in 1. Tony Hawks Tony Hawk series video game. In 2. 00. 7, it becomes the epicenter for Gus Van Sants Paranoid Park film. After that the culture spread over and other parks started to appear. Philadelphias FDR Skatepark, San Diegos Washington Street, San Pedros Channel Street, Seattles Marginal Way, St Louis Kings Highway and most recently Portlands Brooklyn Street Skate Spot. The DIY skateboarding culture made its way to Europe, Brazils Praa Du and other parts of the world, being the main style and theme for Pontus Alvs unique approach to skateboarding film making in Strongest of the Strange. DIY bicycle projects can include creative ways to revamp or transform your bike,8 but are primarily built on empowering cyclists to understand how their bikes work and how easy they are to fix themselves in order to make cycling an even easier transportation option. Cycling has also seen an explosion of DIY style shops bike co ops, such as the Bicycle Kitchen in Los Angeles, where anyone can come in and be mentored by a volunteer and get access to tools for maintaining and modifying their own bicycle. Around the worldeditUnited KingdomeditHaving originated in the late 1. Crass, DIY culture became something of a recognised movement in the 1. UK, where the protest the direct action and party the festival converged. The prime example of this movement was the Exodus Collective. This development constituted a significant cross pollination of pleasure and politics resembling the anti disciplinary politics of the 1. During the 1. 99. From 1. 99. 11. 99. Conservative government cracked down on squatting, animal rights activists, greens, travellers, as well as raves, parties and dance culture. In 1. 99. 4, the United Kingdom passed the Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1. It empowered police to arrest citizens who appeared to be preparing to hold a rave, waiting for a rave to start, or attending a rave. United StateseditDIY culture in the United States can be linked to many of the same philosophies of the Arts and Crafts movement of the 1. This was in direct opposition to the prevailing industrialization and modernization which was moving many aspects of the cultures aesthetics away from the hand made artisan created styles of the past and toward a mass produced sleek modern vision of the future. DIY culture in the US arguably evolved from a simple cost saving activity of the 1. DIY culture in the US is a current and evolving loose coalition of various individuals. There are many members of DIY culture with distinct and activist philosophies and goals, such as Betsy Greer who coined the term Craftivism in 2. There are also many people with a staunch neutrality of political and social issues adopted by other members of the DIY movement. The largest group fall into an area somewhere between these two opposites, as varied in the spectrum of political and social philosophy as members of any large and thriving subculture.
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January 1. 99. 31 1. Co. SA along with After Effects was then acquired by Aldus corporation in July 1. Adobe in 1. 99. 4, and with it Page. Maker. Adobes first new release of After Effects was version 3. The following is the list of versions of After Effects over the years, including the first two versions released by Co. SA. Developer. Date. Version. Codename. Major features added. Co. SAJanuary 1. 99. Egg. Layered compositing with mask, effect, transforms, keyframes Mac only. May 1. 99. 31. 1. More effects. Aldus. January 1. 99. 42. Teriyaki. Time Layout window, image sequence support, motion blur, multi machine rendering, frame blending, proxies. May 1. 99. 42. 0. Power Macintosh version PPC2Adobe. October 1. 99. 53. Nimchow. Render queue, bezier masking, time remapping, keyframe assistants wiggler, motion sketch, smoother, multiple effects per layer, advanced keying, velocity graph, 124 point motion tracking, motion math, first Japanese version, layer transfer modes, continuously rasterize Illustrator files, Photoshop as comp import with layertransfer modealpha channel support, 3 2 pulldown, non square pixel support. April 1. 99. 63. 1. File formats, multiprocessing last Mac 6. May 1. 99. 73. 1 Windows 9. NTDancing Monkey. First Windows version, contextual menus, first French German versions in November 1. Offers 50 GB of free storage space. Uploaded files are encrypted and only the user holds the decryption keys. This is our official store for adobe products. Here you can get every latest cracked updates for adobe products. For more apps visit us on crackzsoft. com. InformationWeek. com News, analysis and research for business technology professionals, plus peertopeer knowledge sharing. Engage with our community. Path Text effect and Animated GIF output were released for free to registered users of 3. January 1. 99. 94. Tabbed windows, movable time layout columns, multiple masks per layer, warping effects, particle playground, audio effects, transform effect, adjustment layers, align palette, rulers guides, RAM preview, glowsblurs no longer clip at layer edge, Premiere import, Illustrator layers support, label colors in timeline first simultaneous Mac Windows release. September 1. 99. 94. Batnip. Flowchart view, watch folder, 3. D channel effects, collect files command, auto deinterlacing, sequence layers, save favorite effects. April 2. 00. 145. Melmet. 3D layers, 3. D lights, dynamic previews, parenting, vector paint, expressions, pick whip, drawedit masks in comp window, integration of Atomic Power plug ins foam, wave world, card dance, shatter, vegas, 1. Illustrator transparency support, SWF export, mask colors, mask motion blur, mask expansion, RAM Preview region of interest, Photoshop 6 vector mask import, PDF import, solo switch, scrubbable property values, custom workspaces, effect reordering, PAR correction, reveal file on disk, reduce project, trim comp to work area, 2. GB movie output. January 7, 2. Fauxfu. Advanced 3. D renderer, multiple 3. D views, import camera data, colored shadows, projection layers, effects palette, post render actions, advanced lightning, adjustment layer lights, smart mask, looping via expressions, Real. Media output, expression controllers, Zaxwerks 3. D Invigorator Classic bundled first OS X version. August 2. 00. 36. Foodfite. Paint, scripting, text layers and animators, editable Photoshop text layers, Open. GL support, new motion tracker, Rotobezier, Keylight, Liquify, Scribble, Dust Scratches, background rendering of RAM Previews. June 1. 6, 2. 00. Chambant. Advanced clone tool, presets gallery, grain management, integration of Cycore Effects plug ins, Color Finesse bundling, disk caching, Firewire video output, interface lightdark controls, motion track with scale, Grain Surgery bundling, AAF OMF support6January 2. Clamchop. New unified window UI, timewarp, graph editor, Open. GL 2. 0 support, 3. HDR color, 3. 2 bit audio, Adobe Bridge support, display color management, dynamic link with Premiere Pro, script editor, auto save, Photoshop file creation, smart blur, lens blur, per character text blurring, first Spanish Italian versions. July 2, 2. 00. 7CS3 8. Metaloaf. Shape layers, puppet tool, brainstorm, clip notes, Photoshop vanishing point import, adaptive motion blur, per character 3. D text animation, real time audio playback, simultaneous multi frame rendering, SWF vector import, 3. Universal Binary Intel Mac version. February 2. 2, 2. CS3 8. 0. 2Loafdot. Panasonic P2 support last Mac Power. PC version. September 2. CS4 9. 0Chinchillada. Quick. Search in the project timeline, mini flowchart, breadcrumbs, live PSD 3. D layer import, separate XYZ, Imagineer Mocha bundled, cartoon effect, XFL export, XML export, XMP metadata,December 1. CS4 9. 0. 1Chinchidotta. RED R3. D file support via REDCODE v. May 2. 9, 2. 00. 9CS4 9. Lottadotta. Clip level RED R3. D support via REDCODE v. XDCAM HD Avid style MXF support. October 6, 2. 01. CS4 9. 0. 3Yaddadotta. Fixes locking existing frames message delay at start of RAM preview, decreased performance due to Wacom driver conflict, aerender not shutting down background processes, and miscellaneous crashes especially on Mac OS X 1. April 3. 0, 2. 01. CS5 1. 0. 0Esgocart. OS X and Windows, Roto Brush tool, Refine Matte effect, mocha v. LUT support, AVC Intra import and improved RED R3. D support, Align panel improvements, Synthetic Aperture Color Finesse 3, Digieffects Free. Form, auto keyframe mode,9 animated GIF export functionality removed. September 3, 2. 01. CS5 1. 0. 0. 1Esgodot. RED updates color science v. ROCKET, RMD metadata, improved LUT compatibility. DMESHMesh keywords, or saved from ASSIMILATE SCRATCH systems, updates to bundled third party plug ins. April 8, 2. 01. 11. CS5 1. 0. 0. 2Esgodoh. Fixes an Unexpected data type error opening project with missing effects, a crash with Directional Blur and other effects on computers with 1. Automatic Duck Pro Import AE. April 1. 1, 2. 01. CS5. 5 1. 0. 5Codname. Warp Stabilizer effect, Camera Lens Blur and camera layer improvements for depth of field and bokeh, source timecode support and Timecode effect enhancements, stereoscopic 3. D rig creation and improved 3. D Glasses effect, light falloff, Cinema. DNG import, expanded RED R3. D features, XDCAM EX and XDCAM HD output, integration with Adobe Audition CS5. CS5. June 3. 0, 2. CS5. 5 1. 0. 5. 1Codot. Fixes for delay when typing in a text layer if mouse pointer was above the Composition panel, and inability to use an upgrade serial number. April 2. 3, 2. 01. CS6 1. 1. 0Spinal. Tapas. Global Performance Cache, 3. D Camera Tracker, ray traced and extruded text and shapes, variable width mask feather, Automatic Duck Pro Import for importing projects from other applications, including Final Cut Pro and Avid software, new and improved GPU acceleration features, Rolling Shutter Repair effect, Mocha for After Effects CS6, new and updated effects. Live PSD 3. D layer import was removed. May 2. 5, 2. 01. 21. CS6 1. 1. 0. 1Big. Dottom. Support for Nvidia Ge. Force GTX 6. 80, Atom. Kraft. October 1. CS6 1. 1. 0. 2None. More. Dot. Support for more Nvidia cards and Intel HD Graphics, new memory handling preference allowing reversion to CS5. June 1. 7, 2. 01. CC 1. 2. 0Sconehenge. Maxon Cinema 4. D Lite Cineware integration, Refine Edge tool, Refine Soft Matte, layer snapping, Warp Stabilizer VFXOctober 3. CC 1. 2. 1Plabt Blue Ribbon. OS 1. 0. 9 Retina support, mask tracker, Detail preserving Upscale effect, property linking, improved snapping. December 1. 3, 2. CC 1. 2. 2Pinot Butter. Automatic creation of folders for image sequences, command to convert parametric shape layer paths to Bzier paths, more snapping improvements, lots of small polish improvements. June 1. 8, 2. 01. CC 2. 01. 4 1. 3. Goatmeal Stout2. Key Cleaner effect and Advanced Spill Suppressor effect, text templates created in After Effects editable in Premiere Pro, compositing options for each effect including ability to confine the area affected by each effect with masks, import of Sony RAW footage raw files from F5, F5. F6. 5 cameras, import of MPEG 4 SSt. P Simple Studio Profile Sony SR MXF files, video preview on external monitor using Mercury Transmit. Download a free trial or buy Adobe products. Digital photo processing and editing. Adobe Flash Player 2017 Latest Version Download Adobe Flash Player Download The troubles that afflicted Flash in 2016 were connected to protection issues. Adobe AIR and Adobe Flash Player Team Blog. By Eric Simenel. This tech note addresses the problems that you may face when attempting to downgrade from AIR version 2. AIR version. Prior to AIR version 2. AIR was provided as a 3. Runtime dynamic Library for Mac OS X. However, with the release of AIR 2. Runtime dynamic Library is provided on Mac OS X. See AIR 2. 0 release notes for details. Certain users who are running apps that require 3. ANEs may want to downgrade to a lower AIR version that supports a 3. Runtime dynamic Library. Prior to AIR 2. 0, downgrading AIR to a previous version lets say AIR 1. Download AIR 1. 9 runtime. For downloading any other versions, see Archived Adobe AIR SDK versions. Uninstall AIR 2. 0 runtime. See Removing Adobe AIR for details. Install AIR 1. 9 runtime. See Installing Adobe AIR for details. Run AIR Settings manager utility to disable further updates of the runtime. However, these steps will not suffice when you are downgrading from AIR 2. AIR version as there are some additional steps required in this case. To meet this requirement, the additional steps or the solutions are explained below. Downgrading from AIR 2. Starting with AIR 2. Runtime instead of the previous 3. AIR runtime, the process for downgrading is the same as mentioned above. But there are certain points, which require attention when attempting to downgrade. After you install AIR 2. AIR app using the Shared Runtime that is launched gets updated. So the apps launcher code will now be a 6. The previously used 3. Note AIR Captive Runtime Apps are unaffected by this upgrade to AIR 2. See AIR 6. 4 bit on Mac OS X for more details. Issue. If you go back to a previous AIR version, for example, AIR 1. AIR 2. 0 and installing AIR 1. AIR app fails because the new 6. AIR Runtime. This problem occurs only when attempting to downgrade to an older version. Solution. You can use either of the three solutions to resolve this issue Solution 1 Move the application to the Trash, empty the Trash, and reinstall it from its. Solution 2 Rename the launchers at lt AIR application ContentsMac. OS. For the launcher with no suffix, add a 6. For the launcher with the 3. Note Here launcher refers to the name of your lt AIR application. Solution 3 Edit the contents of the info. CFBundle. Executable key has the 3. The info. plist file is present at lt AIR application Contents. Downgrading after an initial AIR 2. Side. Car. There is another issue that a few users may face specifically, those who install an AIR application with a Side. Car AIR 2. 0 installation having never before installed an AIR shared runtime and then downgrading from AIR 2. Note An AIR Side. Car Installation is one where an. AIR installer so that both AIR and this application are installed at the same time. After an Initial AIR 2. Side. Car, launching the. Mac OS X blessing the Adobe AIR Installer that sits next to it. Hence forward, Mac OS X remembers this application as the default launcher for an. If you do not delete this directory after installing, then anytime you launch an. Adobe AIR Installer is launched. Checking that the AIR Runtime is now present, it goes on with the standard AIR App installation that is done by the AIR Runtime. Issue. Now when you uninstall AIR 2. AIR 1. 9, and then try to launch an. Adobe AIR Installer that is a 6. AIR Runtime that is now a 3. That Adobe AIR Installer version 2. Adobe AIR Application Installer version 1. ApplicationsUtilities because the Adobe AIR Application Installer has not been launched yet and is invisible to Mac OS X. Solution. The solution to this issue is to simply delete the directory that contains the Side. Car. air package and Adobe AIR Installer so that this 6. Thus, it will not be launched by Mac OS X when. Instead, the 3. 2 bit Adobe AIR Application Installer will be launched. Windows IOCTL reference. Ioctl. Hex Value. Header. Brief. IOCTL1. CLASS0x. 22. 02. 1dincddk1. An IEEE 1. 39. 4 driver uses the IRPMJDEVICECONTROL IRP, with. Io. Control. Code. IOCTL1. 39. 4CLASS, to communicate with the bus driver. The driver has access to all operations provided by the IEEE 1. IOCTL1. 39. 4TOGGLEENUMTESTOFF0x. IOCTL1. 39. 4TOGGLEENUMTESTON0x. IOCTL6. 18. 83CLASS0x. An IEC 6. 18. 83 client driver uses the. IRPMJINTERNALDEVICECONTROLIRP with. Io. Control. Code. IOCTL6. 18. 83CLASS to communicate with 1. IEC 6. 18. 83 protocol. The driver has access to all operations provided by the IEC 6. IOCTLAACSENDSESSION0x. Description NetworkLatencyView is a simple tool for Windows that listens to the TCP connections on your system and calculates the network latency in milliseconds. Releases the Authentication Grant Identifier AGID that was obtained by. IOCTLAACSSTARTSESSION. IOCTLAACSGENERATEBINDINGNONCE0x. Reads the Advanced Access Content System AACS binding nonce starting at the specified byte offset on the disc, as part of the protocol for writing to a protected data area. IOCTLAACSGETCERTIFICATE0x. Queries the logical unit for the device certificate. IOCTLAACSGETCHALLENGEKEY0x. Queries the logical unit for the devices challenge key. The challenge key consists of a point on an elliptic curve and its associated signature. IOCTLAACSREADBINDINGNONCE0x. Reads the Advanced Access Content System AACS binding nonce starting at the specified byte offset on the disc, as part of the protocol for reading a protected data area. IOCTLAACSREADMEDIAID0x. Reads the Advanced Access Content System AACS specific media identifier data. IOCTLAACSREADMEDIAKEYBLOCK0x. Queries the logical unit for the Media Key Block MKB. Version. version used. The compiler version used for this sheet. show version. How to get the compiler version. implicit prologue. Code which examples in the sheet. Lower the Audio from Other Programs While JAWS is Speaking. In Windows 8 and later, you can now specify that the volume of audio from other programs be lowered while. IOCTLAACSREADMEDIAKEYBLOCKSIZE0x. Queries the logical unit for the size of the buffer that is required to hold the Advanced Access Control System AACS Media Key Block MKB. IOCTLAACSREADSERIALNUMBER0x. Reads the Advanced Access Content System AACS specific prerecorded media serial number. IOCTLAACSREADVOLUMEID0x. Reads the Advanced Access Content System AACS specific volume identifier. IOCTLAACSSENDCERTIFICATE0x. Sends the host certificate to the logical unit. IOCTLAACSSENDCHALLENGEKEY0x. Sends the hosts challenge key to the logical unit. The hosts challenge key consists of a point on an elliptic curve and its associated signature. IOCTLAACSSTARTSESSION0x. Retrieves an Authentication Grant Identifier AGID that identifies a secure session. IOCTLABORTPIPE0x. IOCTLACPIACQUIREGLOBALLOCK0x. The IOCTLACPIACQUIREGLOBALLOCK device control request is reserved for internal use only. IOCTLACPIASYNCEVALMETHOD0x. A driver for a device can use the IOCTLACPIASYNCEVALMETHOD device control request to asynchronously evaluate an ACPI control method that is supported by the device. The driver should call. Io. Build. Device. Io. Control. Requestand pass the following input and output parameters to build this request. IOCTLACPIASYNCEVALMETHODEX0x. A driver for a device can use the IOCTLACPIEVALMETHOD device control request to synchronously evaluate an ACPI control method that is supported by the device. The driver should call. Io. Build. Device. Io. Control. Requestand pass the following input and output parameters to build this request. IOCTLACPIENUMCHILDREN0x. The IOCTLACPIENUMCHILDREN device control request can be used to enumerate the path and name of devices or named child objects in the ACPI namespace of the device to which this request is sent. A driver should call. Io. Build. Device. Io. Control. Requestand pass the following input and output parameters to build this request. IOCTLACPIEVALMETHOD0x. A driver for a device can use the IOCTLACPIEVALMETHOD device control request to synchronously evaluate an ACPI control method that is supported by the device. The driver should call. Io. Build. Device. Io. Control. Requestand pass the following input and output parameters to build this request. IOCTLACPIEVALMETHODEX0x. A driver for a device can use the IOCTLACPIEVALMETHODEX device control request to synchronously evaluate an ACPI control method that is supported by a child device in the namespace of the device. The driver should call. Io. Build. Device. Io. Control. Requestand pass the following input and output parameters to build this request. IOCTLACPIRELEASEGLOBALLOCK0x. The IOCTLACPIRELEASEGLOBALLOCK device control request is reserved for internal use only. IOCTLARPSENDREQUEST0x. IOCTLATAMINIPORT0x. IOCTLATAPASSTHROUGH0x. Allows an application to send almost any ATA command to a target device, with the following restrictions IOCTLATAPASSTHROUGHDIRECT0x. Allows an application to send almost any ATA command to a target device, with the following restrictions IOCTLAVCSTRMCLASS0x. An AVC subunit driver uses the. IRPMJINTERNALDEVICECONTROLIRP, with the. Io. Control. Codemember set to IOCTLAVCSTRMCLASS, to communicate withavcstrm. The driver has access to all operations provided by the AVC Streaming filter driver avcstrm. IOCTLAVCBUSRESET0x. The IOCTLAVCBUSRESET IO control code allows the caller to complete any previous IOCTLAVCUPDATEVIRTUALSUBUNITINFO and IOCTLAVCREMOVEVIRTUALSUBUNITINFO control requests that did not use the AVCSUBUNITADDRTRIGGERBUSRESET flag. It is available to user mode as well as kernel mode components through the IRPMJDEVICECONTROL dispatch. IOCTLAVCCLASS0x. The IOCTLAVCCLASS IO control code is supported only from kernel mode, using the IRPMJINTERNALDEVICECONTROL dispatch. IOCTLAVCREMOVEVIRTUALSUBUNITINFO0x. The IOCTLAVCREMOVEVIRTUALSUBUNITINFO IO control code controls the enumeration of virtual subunits. It is available to user mode as well as kernel mode components through the IRPMJDEVICECONTROL dispatch. For driver to driver communication, it is a METHODBUFFERED IOCTL, so set the IRP fields accordingly Irp. Stack Parameters. Device. Io. Control. Input. Buffer. Length and Irp Associated. Irp. System. Buffer. IOCTLAVCUPDATEVIRTUALSUBUNITINFO0x. The IOCTLAVCUPDATEVIRTUALSUBUNITINFO IO control code controls the enumeration of virtual subunits. It is available to user mode as well as kernel mode components through the IRPMJDEVICECONTROL dispatch. For driver to driver communication, it is a METHODBUFFERED IOCTL, so set the IRP fields accordingly Irp. Stack Parameters. Device. Io. Control. Input. Buffer. Length and Irp Associated. Irp. System. Buffer. IOCTLAVIOALLOCATESTREAM0xff. IOCTLAVIOFREESTREAM0xff. IOCTLAVIOMODIFYSTREAM0xff. IOCTLBATTERYQUERYINFORMATION0x. Retrieves a variety of information for the battery. IOCTLBATTERYQUERYSTATUS0x. Retrieves the current status of the battery. IOCTLBATTERYQUERYTAG0x. Retrieves the batterys current tag. IOCTLBATTERYSETINFORMATION0x. Sets various battery information. The input parameter structure,BATTERYSETINFORMATION, indicates which battery status information is to be set. IOCTLBEEPSET0x. IOCTLBIOMETRICCALIBRATE0x. The IOCTLBIOMETRICCALIBRATE IOCTL directs the driver to perform any necessary steps to calibrate the device for use. Internally, the driver may also collect and return vendor specific calibration data to be analyzed by an application. Vendor supplied WBDI drivers must support this IOCTL. IOCTLBIOMETRICCAPTUREDATA0x. The IOCTLBIOMETRICCAPTUREDATA IOCTL directs the driver to retrieve the next scan of biometric data. This call should put the device into capture mode. IOCTLBIOMETRICGETATTRIBUTES0x. The IOCTLBIOMETRICGETATTRIBUTES IOCTL returns a structure that contains a set of attributes for the sensor. Vendor supplied WBDI drivers must support this IOCTL. IOCTLBIOMETRICGETINDICATOR0x. The IOCTLBIOMETRICGETINDICATOR IOCTL directs the driver to retrieve the status of the indicator light. This IOCTL is optional. IOCTLBIOMETRICGETSENSORSTATUS0x. The IOCTLBIOMETRICGETSENSORSTATUS IOCTL tells the driver to perform any necessary steps to collect the current operating status of the device. Vendor supplied WBDI drivers must support this IOCTL. IOCTLBIOMETRICGETSUPPORTEDALGORITHMS0x. The IOCTLBIOMETRICGETSUPPORTEDALGORITHMS IOCTL retrieves a list of cryptographic hash algorithms that are supported by the device. This IOCTL is optional. IOCTLBIOMETRICRESET0x. The IOCTLBIOMETRICRESET IOCTL resets the device to a known or idle state, according to the current power state. Vendor supplied WBDI drivers must support this IOCTL. IOCTLBIOMETRICSETINDICATOR0x. The First Few Milliseconds of an HTTPS Connection. Convinced from spending hours reading rave reviews, Bob eagerly clicked Proceed to Checkout for his gallon of Tuscan Whole Milk andWhoa What just happened In the 2. 20 milliseconds that flew by, a lot of interesting stuff happened to make Firefox change the address bar color and put a lock in the lower right corner. With the help of Wireshark, my favorite network tool, and a slightly modified debug build of Firefox, we can see exactly whats going on. By agreement of RFC 2. Firefox knew that https meant it should connect to port 4. Amazon. com Most people associate HTTPS with SSL Secure Sockets Layer which was created by Netscape in the mid 9. This is becoming less true over time. As Netscape lost market share, SSLs maintenance moved to the Internet Engineering Task Force IETF. The first post Netscape version was re branded as Transport Layer Security TLS 1. January 1. 99. 9. Its rare to see true SSL traffic given that TLS has been around for 1. Client Hello. TLS wraps all traffic in records of different types. We see that the first byte out of our browser is the hex byte 0x. The next two bytes are 0x. TLS 1. 0 is essentially SSL 3. The handshake record is broken out into several messages. The first is our Client Hello message 0x. There are a few important things here Server Hello. Amazon. com replies with a handshake record thats a massive two packets in size 2,5. The record has version bytes of 0x. Amazon agreed to our request to use TLS 1. This record has three sub messages with some interesting data Server Hello Message 2 We get the servers four byte time Unix epoch time representation and its 2. A 3. 2 byte session ID in case we want to reconnect without a big handshake. Of the 3. 4 cipher suites we offered, Amazon picked TLSRSAWITHRC41. MD5 0x. 00. 04. This means that it will use the RSA public key algorithm to verify certificate signatures and exchange keys, the RC4 encryption algorithm to encrypt data, and the MD5 hash function to verify the contents of messages. Well cover these in depth later on. I personally think Amazon had selfish reasons for choosing this cipher suite. Of the ones on the list, it was the one that was least CPU intensive to use so that Amazon could crowd more connections onto each of their servers. A much less likely possibility is that they wanted to pay special tribute to Ron Rivest, who created all three of these algorithms. Certificate Message 1. Server Hello Done Message 1. This is a zero byte message that tells the client that its done with the Hello process and indicate that the server wont be asking the client for a certificate. Checking out the Certificate. The browser has to figure out if it should trust Amazon. In this case, its using certificates. It looks at Amazons certificate and sees that the current time is between the not before time of August 2. August 2. 7, 2. 00. It also checks to make sure that the certificates public key is authorized for exchanging secret keys. Why should we trust this certificate Attached to the certificate is a signature that is just a really long number in big endian format Anyone could have sent us these bytes. Why should we trust this signature To answer that question, need to make a speedy detour into mathemagic land Interlude A Short, Not Too Scary, Guide to RSAPeople sometimes wonder if math has any relevance to programming. Certificates give a very practical example of applied math. Amazons certificate tells us that we should use the RSA algorithm to check the signature. RSA was created in the 1. MIT professors Ron Rivest, Adi Shamir, and Len Adleman who found a clever way to combine ideas spanning 2. You pick two huge prime numbers p and q. Multiply them to get n pq. Next, you pick a small public exponent e which is the encryption exponent and a specially crafted inverse of e called d as the decryption exponent. You then make n and e public and keep d as secret as you possibly can and then throw away p and q or keep them as secret as d. Its really important to remember that e and d are inverses of each other. Now, if you have some message, you just need to interpret its bytes as a number M. If you want to encrypt a message to create a ciphertext, youd calculate C Me mod nThis means that you multiply M by itself e times. The mod n means that we only take the remainder e. For example, 1. 1 AM 3 hours 2 PM mod 1. The recipient knows d which allows them to invert the message to recover the original message Cd Med Me M1 M mod nJust as interesting is that the person with d can sign a document by raising a message M to the d exponent Md S mod nThis works because signer makes public S, M, e, and n. Anyone can verify the signature S with a simple calculation Se Mde Md Me M1 M mod nPublic key cryptography algorithms like RSA are often called asymmetric algorithms because the encryption key in our case, e is not equal to e. Reducing everything mod n makes it impossible to use the easy techniques that were used to such as normal logarithms. The magic of RSA works because you can calculateencrypt C Me mod n very quickly, but it is really hard to calculatedecrypt Cd M mod n without knowing d. As we saw earlier, d is derived from factoring n back to its p and q, which is a tough problem. Verifying Signatures. The big thing to keep in mind with RSA in the real world is that all of the numbers involved have to be big to make things really hard to break using the best algorithms that we have. How big Amazon. coms certificate was signed by Veri. Sign Class 3 Secure Server CA. From the certificate, we see that this Veri. Sign modulus n is 2. Good luck trying to find p and q from this n if you could, you could generate real looking Veri. Sign certificates. Veri. Signs e is 2. 16 1 6. Of course, they keep their d value secret, probably on a safe hardware device protected by retinal scanners and armed guards. Before signing, Veri. Sign checked the validity of the contents that Amazon. Once Veri. Sign was satisfied with the documents, they used the SHA 1 hash algorithm to get a hash value of the certificate that had all the claims. In Wireshark, the full certificate shows up as the signed. Certificate part Its sort of a misnomer since it actually means that those are the bytes that the signer is going to sign and not the bytes that already include a signature. The actual signature, S, is simply called encrypted in Wireshark. If we raise S to Veri. Signs public e exponent of 6. FFFFFFFFFFFF FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF. FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF. FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF. FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF. FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF. FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF. FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF. FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF. FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF. FFFFFFFF0. 03. 02. B0. E0. 30. 21. A 0. C1. 9F8. 78. 6. 8. C6. 0EFE0. 54. 2 E4. C2. 16. 7C8. 30. 53. DB. Per the PKCS 1 v. The second byte of 0. This is followed by a lot of FF bytes that are used to pad the result to make sure that its big enough. The padding is terminated by a 0. Its followed by 3. B 0. E 0. 3 0. 2 1. A 0. 5 0. 0 0. 4 1. PKCS 1 v. 2. 1 way of specifying the SHA 1 hash algorithm. The last 2. 0 bytes are SHA 1 hash digest of the bytes in signed. Certificate. Since the decrypted value is properly formatted and the last bytes are the same hash value that we can calculate independently, we can assume that whoever knew Veri. Sign Class 3 Secure Server CAs private key signed it. We implicitly trust that only Veri. Sign knows the private key d. We can repeat the process to verify that Veri. Sign Class 3 Secure Server CAs certificate was signed by Veri. Signs Class 3 Public Primary Certification Authority. But why should we trust that There are no more levels on the trust chain. The top Veri. Sign Class 3 Public Primary Certification Authority was signed by itself. This certificate has been built into Mozilla products as an implicitly trusted good certificate since version 1. Network Security Services NSS library. It was checked in on September 6, 2. S/aplus-seller-content-images-us-east-1/ATVPDKIKX0DER/A326T2IHZSVC14/B00FZI6ZNS/MQbkfX7RR8u2._UX970_TTW_.jpg' alt='On Screen Keyboard Portable Zip Up Closets By Design' title='On Screen Keyboard Portable Zip Up Closets By Design' />This is an updated version from the May 2010 release.Includes artist spreadsheets, 2011 copyrights, new UP office address.SAM.The System for Award Management SAM is the Official U.S.Government system that consolidated the capabilities of CCRFedReg, ORCA, and EPLS.Finance brand name electronics, computers, televisions, video games, appliances, furniture and jewelry.Even if you have no credit or less than perfect credit.How To Fix Ice Buildup In Your RefrigeratorFreezer.If your refrigerator has ice build up on the inside, here are a few things you can check yourself to fix the issue.A common cause for ice buildup is a faulty door seal.If a refrigerator has a bad door seal, the outside air will pass into the fridge and cause the ice build up problem you are experiencing.Another cause for this could be that the door hinges are loose or not attached properly leading to outside air entering your fridgefreezer.Check to be sure the door hinges are tight and are attached and aligned properly.Some other simple things you can do to try and remedy this issue are easy to try yourself.I/71SZTO-AbpL._SY355_.jpg' alt='On Screen Keyboard Portable Zip Up Closets' title='On Screen Keyboard Portable Zip Up Closets' />You can try moving the refrigerator away from the wall a little bit more to give it extra room for the air to circulate.The heat from the compressor should have sufficient room to dissipate.If the refrigerator is too close to the wall problems will occur.Another solution may be to clean the vents on the back or below the fridge as they can be clogged with dust and debris.Clogged vents cause air circulation problems that lead to many common refrigerator problems.On Screen Keyboard Portable Zip Up Closets For SaleIf the ice build up is only happening in the freezer, the freezer drain is probably clogged.To unclog the drain you should first unplug the unit from the wall.Remove the freezer covers to expose the frozen drain.Pour hot water down into the drain hole until you see the water dripping into the drain pan under the refrigerator.How to remove and replace the door gasket on a refrigerator.How to clean out a frozen freezer drain hole and tube.Modern day refrigerators are frost free.FR1c9rIyb68aS0wNxxdXXUnr_vI=/fit-in/680x680/filters:fill(white)/product/73/3972/2.jpg' alt='On Screen Keyboard Portable Zip Up Closets Home' title='On Screen Keyboard Portable Zip Up Closets Home' />They should not have to be defrosted manually.If however you have an older refrigerator or you want to manually defrost your newer fridge, here is how First remove food and store it in another fridge or cooler.Unplug the refrigerator from power and remove any drawers or shelves.Wedge the door to keep it open for the defrost procedure.Lay a deep pan or similar at the bottom of the refrigerator to catch the water when the ice melts.Leave everything sit until all the ice has melted this is a good time to wipe down the inside of fridge.After the refrigerator is defrosted and the ice is gone, clean and replace the drawers and shelves.Plug in the refrigerator back into power.Set the thermostat dial to be sure the temperature is set correctly.Shut the refrigerator door.Once the fridge is cold you should watch for any ice buildup.Check to be sure the fridge is at the proper temperature and no ice has formed.Put the food back in the refrigerator.Periodically check fridge to be sure no more ice has formed.If your refrigerator is still under warranty, make sure to call the company you purchased it from or call the 8.Find out if it is under warranty before doing repairs as doing repairs yourself could void the warranty on the unit.NOTE At times a powdery type of ice will form in your refrigerator if it is being repeatedly opened and closed.Crack For Recover Files Platinum there. 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